This book presents a comprehensive overview and outlook for the future of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation surgery, which is attracting clinical interest as a safe and less invasive procedure not only in detecting cerebral vessels, coronary arteries, and biliary trees, but also in identifying sentinel lymph nodes in cancer. The book starts with the characteristics of ICG and photodynamic cameras/endoscopes, followed by detailed descriptions of the applications of ICG fluorescence imaging in various areas such as ocular surgery, neurosurgery, cardioANGIOLOGIA / CIRURGIA VASCULAR, and plastic surgery. It also covers identifying sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer as well as cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and provides valuable information for hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgeons, such as identifying tattooing of liver segments and bile leakage.