This book explores the leading role played by nursing science in the European Nordic countries. Recognized leaders in nursing research from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, reflect on the leadership of nurses, the societal developments and the state of nursing science in their country, and the successes and remaining challenges nurses are facing. The book highlights representative leadership projects focusing on e.g. evidenced-based clinical practice, education and research that have impacted patient and healthcare outcomes in each country.The book shows how nursing, as a scientific discipline, has been developing rapidly in these five Nordic countries. They have more nurses per capita than other countries (OECD 2016) and healthcare is provided to all citizens. Moreover, nursing qualification in the Nordic countries was based on university education early on, and there are more professors of nursing than in other countries.