This volume discusses new developments in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cholangiocarcinoma induced by the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Although cholangiocarcinoma is rare in the Western world, it has a very high incidence in continental Southeast Asian countries, where it is linked to infection with O. viverrini. In Southeast Asia this cancer causes thousands of deaths every year and places a severe socioeconomic burden on the affected families. Diagnosis is usually at a late disease stage, and in the past palliative surgery and care have been the major therapeutic options. Recently, however, techniques have become available for early-stage diagnosis that offer the possibility of curative surgery, and novel chemotherapeutic options are also under development. In Thailand alone, more than 2 million individuals have now been registered for screening for this cancer.