This book focuses on the influence of sex and gender in migraine, presenting new insights in basic science as well as their clinical relevance.  As migraine is roughly three times more common in women than in men, and also highly depends on hormonal milestones   such as menarche, menstruation, pregnancy and menopause   particular attention is devoted to the role of female sex hormones in this disease.  The first chapters present general data on gender-related differences in migraine such as epidemiology, comorbidities and related risks. Furthermore, while several chapters focus on the role of female sex hormones in migraine-triggering mechanisms at a basic scientific level (e.g. cranial circulation), ample attention is also paid to the clinical relevance of such mechanisms and to the best clinical treatment for migraine patients.