This book provides a comprehensive review of the etiology, anatomy, diagnosis, treatments, and future directions of care for female incontinence. It includes a historical review of past treatments many women have undergone and resultant altered anatomy. This book discusses conservative treatments such as patient and provider handouts on behavioral modification and how to perform pelvic floor exercises. It also covers medical therapy from minimally invasive treatments to radical surgical approaches and management of treatment failures. Addressing the treatment of stress incontinence with chapters progressing from least invasive to most invasive therapies, it also describes mesh complications and treatment failures. The book illuminates the intersection of prolapse with female incontinence, incontinence diagnosis and management after major reconstructions such as neobladder or penile inversion, vaginoplasty, and incontinence due to rarer conditions such as fistulas.