CharacterizationEfficiencyCoagulation and flocculationGravity ThickeningHydrocyclonesSeparation by centrifugal sedimentationScreeningFiltration FundamentalsFilter aidsDeep bed filtrationPressure filtrationVacuum filtrationCentrifugal filtrationCounter-current washingCake washingFilter mediaFlotationSelectionMembrane SeparationHigh gradientParticle fluid interaction.