Carbon is one of the most abundant chemical element on the surface of the Earth. Its presence is fundamental for life to happen. Besides the fact carbon is so essencial to life, in current days it has been blamed as an enormous threat to life in our planet, for it seems to be responsible for the greenhouse in our planet. On the other hand, development of new techniques and materials may help to improve efficiency of old techniques and processes, diminishing the amount of waste disposal and its dangerousness. In this book we present some of the latest progresses made on the development of new materials based on Carbon.