This is an introduction to treatment planning in general dental practice. It is to be published in association with "Dental Update". On leaving dental school, most dentists are competent in a number of treatment modalities such as placing fillings, crowns and simple bridges, periodontal care, extraction etc. However, integrating all these aspects of care when they are faced by real patients with multiple problems is more difficult. In recent years, treatment options have become more sophisticated, patient expectations have risen and litigation for malpractice has become more common.