This assay is intended to develop a critical analysis of the Martin Luther judgment, during the Worms Diet, in 1521. Therefore, it is essential to know Martin Luther biography, who is consider the father of the Protestant Reformation. Hence, this assay begins analysing historical features related to the first signs of religious reformation movements in Europe. Besides this, it is yet performed a contextualized analysis of Martin Luther point of view and works, among legal features that guided the social relations during his lifetime. This research is organized in chapters that sets the premises to understand aspects related to the Martin Luther judgment during the Worms Diet in 1521, amid them the 16th century legal structure, the legal procedural tools available to Martin Luther at the time, such as the safe conduct granted to him to, freely, join the judgment without experience any previous restriction to his freedom.