This book presents the latest insights into the role of nutrition and diet in the pathophysiology and clinical outcome of many digestive diseases, including gastrointestinal cancer, gastroesophageal reflux, gastroparesis, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, autism and other severe neurological diseases, and liver disease. The editors have aimed to build upon the dissemination of scientific information on human health and nutrition that took place at Expo Milano 2015 (theme:  Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life ) by bringing together distinguished experts in gastroenterology from prestigious Italian universities and hospital centers to tackle novel topics in human nutrition and diet. In the context of modern, high tech gastroenterology, it is easy to neglect or underplay the importance of factors such as nutrition.